https://www.ecured.cu/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Lactobacillus 2026-05-15T02:17:38Z Historial de revisiones para esta página en el wiki MediaWiki 1.31.16 https://www.ecured.cu/index.php?title=Lactobacillus&diff=4610765&oldid=prev 2025-09-23T23:10:00Z

<p></p> <table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="es"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Revisión anterior</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revisión del 23:10 23 sep 2025</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l56" >Línea 56:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Línea 56:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* {{cita web|url=http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0253-570X2015000200004|título=Caracterización de cepas de Lactobacillus|fechaacceso=23 de septiembre de 2025|sitio=SciELO Cuba}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* {{cita web|url=http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0253-570X2015000200004|título=Caracterización de cepas de Lactobacillus|fechaacceso=23 de septiembre de 2025|sitio=SciELO Cuba}}</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* {{cita publicación|apellidos=Sanders|nombre=M.E.|título=Probiotics: definition, sources, selection, and uses|publicación=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volumen=46|número=Suppl 2|páginas=S58-S61|año=2008|doi=10.1086/523341}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* {{cita publicación|apellidos=Sanders|nombre=M.E.|título=Probiotics: definition, sources, selection, and uses|publicación=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volumen=46|número=Suppl 2|páginas=S58-S61|año=2008|doi=10.1086/523341}}</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* {{cita publicación|apellidos=Manzano|nombre=C|apellidos2=Estupiñán|nombre2=D|apellidos3=Poveda|nombre3=E|título=Efectos clínicos de los probióticos: qué dice la evidencia|publicación=Revista Chilena de Nutrición|volumen=39|número=1|páginas=98–110|año=2012|doi=10.4067/S0717-75182012000100010|fechaacceso=23 de septiembre de 2025}}</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* {{cita publicación|apellidos=Sebastián Domingo|nombre=JJ|título=Revisión del papel de los probióticos en la patología gastrointestinal del adulto|publicación=Gastroenterología y Hepatología|volumen=40|número=6|páginas=417–429|año=2017|doi=10.1016/j.gastrohep.2016.12.003|fechaacceso=23 de septiembre de 2025}}</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* {{cita publicación|apellidos=Niño|nombre=SF|apellidos2=Santiesteban|nombre2=M|apellidos3=Muñoz Valencia|nombre3=G|título=Eficacia de probióticos en el manejo de sobrecrecimiento bacteriano del intestino delgado: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis|publicación=Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú|volumen=44|número=3|año=2024|doi=10.47892/rgp.2024.443.1692|fechaacceso=23 de septiembre de 2025}}</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Categoría:Microbiología]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Categoría:Microbiología]]</div></td></tr> <!-- diff cache key wiki1:diff::1.12:old-4610764:rev-4610765 --> </table>

JorgeLuis Gt https://www.ecured.cu/index.php?title=Lactobacillus&diff=4610764&oldid=prev 2025-09-23T22:59:17Z

<p></p> <table class="diff diff-contentalign-left" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="es"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Revisión anterior</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revisión del 22:59 23 sep 2025</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Línea 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Línea 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Ficha de bacteria</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Ficha de bacteria</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|nombre=Lactobacillus</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| nombre = Lactobacillus</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Archivo:Descargaeqeqe</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">jpg</del>|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">miniaturadeimagen]]</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| imagen = Lactobacillus_sp_01</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">png</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|ncientífico=Lactobacillus Beijerinck, 1901</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">pie_imagen = Microscopía de Lactobacillus spp.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|filo=Bacillota</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| ncientífico = <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>Lactobacillus<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>Beijerinck, 1901</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|clase=Bacilli</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">| dominio = [[Bacteria]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|orden=Lactobacillales</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| filo = <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>Bacillota<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|familia=Lactobacillaceae</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| clase = <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>Bacilli<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|género=Lactobacillus</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| orden = <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>Lactobacillales<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|especie=L. acidophilus, L. bulgaricus, L. plantarum, L. casei, entre otras</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| familia = <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>Lactobacillaceae<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| género = <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'''</ins>Lactobacillus<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'''</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| especie = <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>L. acidophilus<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>L. bulgaricus<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>L. plantarum<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>L. casei<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>, entre otras</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Descripción==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Descripción ==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Lactobacillus es un género de <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">bacterias </del>Gram positivas, baciliformes, no esporuladas, aerotolerantes o microaerófilas. Son comunes en el tracto gastrointestinal, urinario y genital de humanos y animales. Su principal característica es la producción de ácido láctico, lo que les permite acidificar su entorno y limitar el crecimiento de patógenos. Se utilizan ampliamente como probióticos y en la fermentación de alimentos como yogur, queso y encurtidos.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'''''</ins>Lactobacillus<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''''' </ins>es un <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Género (biología)|</ins>género<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>de <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[bacteria]]s [[Bacteria Gram positiva|</ins>Gram positivas<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Bacilo|</ins>baciliformes<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins>, no <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Espora|</ins>esporuladas<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Aerotolerante|</ins>aerotolerantes<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>o <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Microaerófilo|</ins>microaerófilas<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins>. Son comunes en el <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Tracto gastrointestinal|</ins>tracto gastrointestinal<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Aparato </ins>urinario<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|urinario]] </ins>y <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Aparato reproductor|</ins>genital<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>de humanos y animales. Su principal característica es la producción de <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Ácido láctico|</ins>ácido láctico<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins>, lo que les permite acidificar su entorno y limitar el crecimiento de <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Patógeno|</ins>patógenos<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins>. Se utilizan ampliamente como <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Probiótico|</ins>probióticos<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>y en la <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Fermentación|</ins>fermentación<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>de alimentos como <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Yogur|</ins>yogur<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Queso|</ins>queso<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>y <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Encurtido|</ins>encurtidos<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Estructura del genoma==</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* El genoma de Lactobacillus varía entre especies, pero en general:</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* Es circular y de tamaño reducido (1.8 a 3.3 Mb).</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* Presenta alta diversidad genética entre cepas.</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* Contiene genes para la fermentación de azúcares, tolerancia al estrés ácido y formación de biopelículas.</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* Algunas especies como L. plantarum muestran transferencia lateral de genes, especialmente para el metabolismo de pentosas.</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Estructura celular y metabolismo==</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* Pared celular Gram positiva con peptidoglicano tipo Lisina-D-Asparagina.</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* No poseen esporas ni flagelos (aunque algunas cepas pueden ser móviles).</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* Son catalasa y citocromo negativos, aunque algunas producen pseudocatalasa.</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* Metabolismo:</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"># Homofermentativo: producen principalmente ácido láctico a partir de hexosas.</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"># Heterofermentativo: generan lactato, CO₂, acetato o etanol.</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"># No requieren hierro para crecer; su aerotolerancia depende del manganeso.</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"># Algunas cepas presentan actividad proteolítica o lipolítica débil3.</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==Ecología==</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* Forman parte de la microbiota humana y animal, especialmente en el intestino y la vagina.</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* Están presentes en ambientes fermentativos naturales y en alimentos.</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* Forman biopelículas que les permiten persistir en condiciones adversas.</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* Tienen una relación mutualista con el huésped: protegen contra patógenos y reciben nutrientes.</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* Se encuentran en suelos, plantas y sistemas digestivos de insectos</del></div></td><td colspan="2">&#160;</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Fuentes==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">== Estructura del genoma ==</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/lactobacillus</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* El [[Genoma|genoma]] de ''Lactobacillus'' varía entre especies, pero en general:</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">https</del>:/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">/academic</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">oup</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">com/femsle/article-abstract/269/1/22/493838?redirectedFrom=fulltext</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* Es circular y de tamaño reducido (1.8 a 3.3 [[Par de bases|Mb]]).</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0253-570X2015000200004</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* Presenta alta [[Diversidad genética|diversidad genética]] entre [[Cepa|cepas]].</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Category</del>:Microbiología]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* Contiene [[Gen|genes]] para la [[Fermentación|fermentación]] de [[Azúcar|azúcares]], [[Tolerancia al estrés|tolerancia al estrés ácido]] y formación de [[Biopelícula|biopelículas]].</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* Algunas especies como ''L. plantarum'' muestran [[Transferencia genética horizontal|transferencia lateral de genes]], especialmente para el [[Metabolismo|metabolismo]] de [[Pentosa|pentosas]].</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">== Estructura celular y metabolismo ==</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* [[Pared celular|Pared celular]] Gram positiva con [[Peptidoglicano|peptidoglicano]] tipo Lisina-D-Asparagina.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* No poseen [[Endospora|esporas]] ni [[Flagelo|flagelos]] (aunque algunas cepas pueden ser móviles).</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* Son [[Catalasa|catalasa]] y [[Citocromo|citocromo]] negativos, aunque algunas producen [[Pseudocatalasa|pseudocatalasa]].</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* [[Metabolismo]]:</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"># [[Homofermentativo]]: producen principalmente ácido láctico a partir de [[Hexosa|hexosas]].</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"># [[Heterofermentativo]]: generan [[Lactato|lactato]], CO₂, [[Acetato|acetato]] o [[Etanol|etanol]].</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"># No requieren [[Hierro|hierro]] para crecer; su aerotolerancia depende del [[Manganeso|manganeso]].</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"># Algunas cepas presentan actividad [[Proteólisis|proteolítica]] o [[Lipólisis|lipolítica]] débil.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">== Ecología ==</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* Forman parte de la [[Microbiota|microbiota]] humana y animal, especialmente en el [[Intestino|intestino]] y la [[Vagina|vagina]].</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* Están presentes en ambientes [[Fermentación|fermentativos]] naturales y en [[Alimento|alimentos]].</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* Forman [[Biopelícula|biopelículas]] que les permiten persistir en condiciones adversas.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* Tienen una relación [[Mutualismo|mutualista]] con el [[Huésped|huésped]]: protegen contra patógenos y reciben [[Nutriente|nutrientes]].</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* Se encuentran en [[Suelo|suelos]], [[Planta|plantas]] y sistemas digestivos de [[Insecta|insectos]].</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">== Aplicaciones médicas ==</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">=== Eficacia demostrada ===</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* '''[[Diarrea]] aguda infantil:''' Reduce la duración en 0.5-1 día en diarrea por [[rotavirus]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* '''Prevención de [[diarrea asociada a antibióticos]]:''' Disminuye la [[incidencia]] en 50-60%</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* '''[[Síndrome del intestino irritable]]:''' Alivia [[distensión abdominal|distensión]] y [[dolor abdominal]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">=== Evidencia limitada ===</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* [[Dermatitis atópica]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* [[Cólico del lactante]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* [[Vaginosis bacteriana]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Fuentes ==</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{cita web|url=</ins>https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/lactobacillus<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|título=Lactobacillus|fechaacceso=23 de septiembre de 2025|sitio=ScienceDirect}}</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{cita publicación|apellidos=Kleerebezem|nombre=M.|título=Lactobacillus plantarum</ins>: <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">survival, functional and potential probiotic properties in the human intestinal tract|publicación=International Dairy Journal|volumen=16|número=9|páginas=1018-1028|año=2006|doi=10.1016</ins>/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">j.idairyj.2005</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">10</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">005}}</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{cita web|url=</ins>http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0253-570X2015000200004<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|título=Caracterización de cepas de Lactobacillus|fechaacceso=23 de septiembre de 2025|sitio=SciELO Cuba}}</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">* {{cita publicación|apellidos=Sanders|nombre=M.E.|título=Probiotics: definition, sources, selection, and uses|publicación=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volumen=46|número=Suppl 2|páginas=S58-S61|año=2008|doi=10.1086/523341}}</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>&#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Categoría</ins>:Microbiología<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Categoría:Bacterias]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Categoría:Probióticos]]</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Categoría:Farmacología</ins>]]</div></td></tr> <!-- diff cache key wiki1:diff::1.12:old-4610682:rev-4610764 --> </table>

JorgeLuis Gt https://www.ecured.cu/index.php?title=Lactobacillus&diff=4610682&oldid=prev 2025-09-23T16:10:32Z

<p>Página creada con «{{Ficha de bacteria |nombre=Lactobacillus <a href="/index.php?title=Archivo:Descargaeqeqe.jpg&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Archivo:Descargaeqeqe.jpg (la página no existe)">miniaturadeimagen</a> |ncientífico=Lactobacillus Beijerinck, 1901 |filo=Bacillota |clase=Bacilli |orden…»</p> <p><b>Página nueva</b></p><div>{{Ficha de bacteria<br /> |nombre=Lactobacillus<br /> [[Archivo:Descargaeqeqe.jpg|miniaturadeimagen]]<br /> |ncientífico=Lactobacillus Beijerinck, 1901<br /> |filo=Bacillota<br /> |clase=Bacilli<br /> |orden=Lactobacillales<br /> |familia=Lactobacillaceae<br /> |género=Lactobacillus<br /> |especie=L. acidophilus, L. bulgaricus, L. plantarum, L. casei, entre otras<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Descripción==<br /> Lactobacillus es un género de bacterias Gram positivas, baciliformes, no esporuladas, aerotolerantes o microaerófilas. Son comunes en el tracto gastrointestinal, urinario y genital de humanos y animales. Su principal característica es la producción de ácido láctico, lo que les permite acidificar su entorno y limitar el crecimiento de patógenos. Se utilizan ampliamente como probióticos y en la fermentación de alimentos como yogur, queso y encurtidos.<br /> ==Estructura del genoma==<br /> * El genoma de Lactobacillus varía entre especies, pero en general:<br /> * Es circular y de tamaño reducido (1.8 a 3.3 Mb).<br /> * Presenta alta diversidad genética entre cepas.<br /> * Contiene genes para la fermentación de azúcares, tolerancia al estrés ácido y formación de biopelículas.<br /> * Algunas especies como L. plantarum muestran transferencia lateral de genes, especialmente para el metabolismo de pentosas.<br /> ==Estructura celular y metabolismo==<br /> * Pared celular Gram positiva con peptidoglicano tipo Lisina-D-Asparagina.<br /> * No poseen esporas ni flagelos (aunque algunas cepas pueden ser móviles).<br /> * Son catalasa y citocromo negativos, aunque algunas producen pseudocatalasa.<br /> * Metabolismo:<br /> # Homofermentativo: producen principalmente ácido láctico a partir de hexosas.<br /> # Heterofermentativo: generan lactato, CO₂, acetato o etanol.<br /> # No requieren hierro para crecer; su aerotolerancia depende del manganeso.<br /> # Algunas cepas presentan actividad proteolítica o lipolítica débil3.<br /> ==Ecología==<br /> * Forman parte de la microbiota humana y animal, especialmente en el intestino y la vagina.<br /> * Están presentes en ambientes fermentativos naturales y en alimentos.<br /> * Forman biopelículas que les permiten persistir en condiciones adversas.<br /> * Tienen una relación mutualista con el huésped: protegen contra patógenos y reciben nutrientes.<br /> * Se encuentran en suelos, plantas y sistemas digestivos de insectos<br /> <br /> ==Fuentes==<br /> * https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/lactobacillus<br /> * https://academic.oup.com/femsle/article-abstract/269/1/22/493838?redirectedFrom=fulltext<br /> * http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0253-570X2015000200004<br /> [[Category:Microbiología]]</div>

Laxis