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-- New user message (discusión) 23:24 2 jun 2020 (CDT)

When did coronavirus really hit Washington? 2 Snohomish County residents with antibodies were ill in December May 14, 2020 at 7:35 pm Updated May 16, 2020 at 10:25 am An X-ray taken of a Snohomish County resident’s lungs in January found them to be “hyperinflated,” with “linear opacities …. suggestive of superimposed upper respiratory lung infection,” according to a doctor’s interpretation. The patient also later tested positive for antibodies to COVID-19. (Courtesy photo) Two Snohomish County residents who’ve recently received positive test results for COVID-19 antibodies have separately told health officials there they first became sick in December – well before what was thought to be the first reported coronavirus case in the U.S. This is a copy of a doctor’s notification of test results for one of those residents. (Courtesy photo) Restart gallery More Photo Galleries The Paramount Theatre is photographed in Seattle Wednesday, June 3, 2020. (Erika Schultz / The Seattle Times) Photo Gallery: Seattle demonstrators gather for sixth day American Seafoods’ Factory Trawler American Dynasty returned to Seattle after many of the crew were infected with Covid-19. The boat is moored at Pier 90 (cq) Monday June 1, 2020. 214114 Photos of the day, June 3: Seattle Times photographers document life during the coronavirus pandemic Tuesday, May 2, 2020. Lines Only A walker on Pike Street near 1st Ave. pauses after taking a photo of the George Floyd mural and raises her fist in support, solidarity and resistance. More protests are happening in downtown Seattle today. 214122 Photo Gallery: Seattle demonstrators gather for fifth day

1 of 3 | An X-ray taken of a Snohomish County resident’s lungs in January found them to be “hyperinflated,” with “linear opacities …. suggestive of... (Courtesy photo) More 

Lewis Kamb By Lewis Kamb Seattle Times staff reporter She came down with a bug two days after Christmas, and for the next week or so, Jean, a 64-year-old retired nurse, suffered through a series of worsening symptoms: a dry, hacking cough, a fever and body aches, and finally, a wheeze that rattled her lungs.

But after two trips to the doctor, chest X-rays and prescriptions for several medications, including a “DuoNeb” solution inhaled through a nebulizer device commonly used to treat asthma, her condition slowly improved.

Months later, after the novel coronavirus pandemic had exploded across Western Washington, the nation and into American consciousness, Jean and dozens of others like her, have wondered if their early winter colds really were undiagnosed cases of COVID-19, the illness caused by the virus. But her case didn’t seem to fit the profile. She hadn’t traveled abroad, and the official timeline was off: The first known patient infected by COVID-19 — a Snohomish County man who’d recently traveled to China — wasn’t even confirmed until more than three weeks after she became ill.

“When I got sick, I didn’t even know what COVID-19 was,” said Jean, a resident of rural Snohomish County who asked only to be identified by her middle name.

But after Jean received word from her doctor earlier this month that a highly touted serology test found a sample of her blood positive for antibodies to COVID-19, she’s now convinced the official timeline is wrong — and public health officials say she may be right.

Jean is among two Snohomish County residents who have positive serology tests potentially linked to COVID-like illnesses dating back to December, throwing into question whether the coronavirus arrived in Washington, and the United States, earlier than previously known.

ADVERTISING Although neither case offers ironclad proof of that – an antibody test can’t pinpoint exactly when someone was exposed to the virus – each patient’s test results, combined with the clinical symptoms in December, appear to meet the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) case definitions for COVID-19.

“They are being considered ‘probable,’” Heather Thomas, a Snohomish Health District spokeswoman, said in an email Thursday. “However, they are not captured in our case counts from Jan. 20 forward.”

More on the coronavirus outbreak Coronavirus daily news updates for Wednesday, June 3 Inslee extends moratorium on evictions, rent increases Vermont man ends 75 days of solo meditation, finds a different world More coronavirus news and resources After The Seattle Times asked about Jean’s case this week, the local health district said it had a second positive antibody case involving a person who showed symptoms in December, but provided no further details. Thomas said the district’s health officer, Dr. Chris Spitters, is planning to talk about the cases during a Friday news briefing. A brief report accounting for all of the district’s known reports of positive antibody tests, about 30, would be issued, Thomas said.

The two cases provide more circumstantial fodder to mounting doubt among medical doctors, research scientists and others that the Snohomish County man who tested positive on Jan. 20 is the purported Patient Zero who introduced the coronavirus to the U.S. The man had been traveling solo since November in Wuhan, China, where the outbreak appears to have originated. He returned to the Seattle area on Jan. 15 and days later began showing symptoms.

“My own guess is that there wasn’t one introduction or Patient Zero who brought the virus to the United States,” said Dr. Art Reingold, a public health epidemiologist at the University of California at Berkeley. “There were likely earlier and multiple introductions of the virus.”

Timeline uncertain Because the virus’s undetected spread in Washington and elsewhere predated broad testing in the United States, a definitive timeline for COVID-19-related cases and deaths remains in question, scientists say.

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Already, studies in other nations have poked holes in what previously were thought to be starting points for the virus. Researchers in France recently found a COVID-19 case dating to Dec. 27 — nearly a month before that nation’s first previously confirmed case on Jan. 24. A genetic study published by researchers in Britain this month also found evidence to support “extensive worldwide transmission of COVID-19” likely infecting people in the U.S., Europe and elsewhere weeks or possibly months before some of the first reported cases in January and February.

“The amount of air travel into and out of Wuhan was enormous, probably thousands and thousands of people,” Reingold said. “It follows that there was likely multiple introductions around the world, quite possibly in December.”

Likewise, a timeline for COVID-19-related deaths in the U.S. has been pushed backward. A resident of the LifeCare Center of Kirkland who died Feb. 26 initially was believed to be the first death, but retrospective autopsies of two people in Santa Clara County, California, in April revealed each had died from the illness earlier, with the first death occurring on Feb. 6. That discovery prompted California Gov. Gavin Newsom to direct local medical examiners and coroners to investigate whether COVID may have claimed anyone in the state even earlier — as far back as December.

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Washington state also has reviewed some cases of those who died from pneumonia or respiratory illnesses, but so far hasn’t found any that predate the first confirmed COVID-19 case in January, State Health Officer Dr. Kathy Lofy said. The King County Medical Examiner’s Office retrospectively tested 20 bodies in its morgue, but none were confirmed positive. Public Health – Seattle & King County said it is reviewing medical records for some individuals who may have contracted the disease early this year. Medical examiners and coroners elsewhere in the state are considering retrospective testing of tissue and blood samples from earlier cases, but the state so far hasn’t directed such reviews.

Local and state public health officials also say they don’t have much capacity to investigate whether individuals like Jean, who receive positive antibody test results, may have had COVID-19 earlier than the first known case.

“It’s always interesting to go back and find out how things have started, but it’s hard to put those pieces together,” Lofy said. “I think a lot of our focus now is on the current spread of the virus and stopping new transmissions.”

As far as including positive antibody tests in daily case counts, public health agencies in Washington don’t yet appear to be on the same page. The CDC’s case definitions note “serologic methods for diagnosis are currently being defined,” but also list someone with a positive serology test as a “presumptive” case. That means to be formally counted, the person must also have had certain clinical symptoms at some point, or close contact with a confirmed or probable case of COVID-19 — details that require additional investigation to find out.

“Local health jurisdictions are encouraged to investigate patients with positive antibody results if they have the resources, but these investigations are not required,” state Department of Health (DOH) spokeswoman Lisa Stromme Warren said.

Still, DOH said it now counts antibody tests as “probable cases,” but the dates reported for them may vary based on when test results came back or on when symptoms or ties to other cases occurred.https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/antibody-test-results-of-2-snohomish-county-residents-throw-into-question-timeline-of-coronaviruss-u-s-arrival/